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- Throughout history marijuana has been used to
- serve various purposes in many different
- cultures. The purposes have changed over time
- to fit in with the current lifestyles.
- This pattern is also true in American history.
- The use of marijuana has adapted to the social
- climate of the time.
-
- Marijuana, whose scientific name is cannibis
- sativa, was mentioned in historical manuscripts
- as early as 2700 B. C. in China. (Grolier Electronic
- Encyclopedia, 1995). The cultivation of the
- marijuana plant began as far back as the
- Jamestown settlers, around 1611, who used hemp
- produced from the marijuana plant's fibers to make
- rope and canvas. It was also used in making clothing
- because of it's durability. These uses fit in with
- the social climate of the time, because the main
- focus was on survival rather than for psychoactive
- purposes.
-
- During the prohibition, marijuana was widely
- used because of the scarcity of alcohol. Prohibition
- was repealed after just thirteen years while the prohibition
- against marijuana lasted for more than seventy five years.
- This double standard may have resulted from the wishes of
- those in power. Alcohol prohibition struck directly at
- tens of millions of Americans of all ages, including many of
- societies most powerful members. Marijuana prohibition
- threatened far fewer Americans, and they had relatively
- little influence in the districts of power. Only the
- prohibition of marijuana, which some sixty million
- Americans have violated since 1965 has come close
- to approximating the prohibition experience, but
- marijuana smokers consist mostly of young and
- relatively powerless Americans (American Heritage, pg 47).
- Alcohol prohibition was repealed and
- marijuana prohibition was retained, not because
- scientists had proved that alcohol was the less dangerous
- of the various psychoactive drugs, but because of the prejudices
- and preferences of most Americans (American Heritage, pg 47).
-
- In 1937 the government issued the Marijuana Tax Act,
- which levied a dollar an ounce tax on marijuana,
- coupled with fines of $2,000 for drug posession and
- jail sentences for evasion of the tax. For this
- reason marijuana use in the United States appears
- to have gone into decline in the late 30's
- (Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54).
- Then marijuana was outlawed in 1937 as a
- repressive measure against Mexican workers
- who crossed the border seekingjobs during
- the Depression. The specific reason given
- for the outlawing of the hemp plant was it's
- supposed violent "effect on the degenerate races"
- (Schaffer, pg. 86).
-
- Beginning in the 60's marijuana use saw a
- resurgence which may be attributed to many
- causes. One of the main causes was the
- rebellion of youth against the Vietnam War.
- They used marijuana as an escape from war to peace.
- It was easy at this time to depict marijuana as
- a beneficial and completely harmless substance
- whose effects were far less harmful than those
- of legal drugs such as alcohol and nicotine
- because there was not enough scientific
- research done during the 60's (Grolier Wellness
- Encyclopedia, pg 54).
-
- Another cause may have been the discovery of
- the psychoactive component of marijuana-
- tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC.
- Users found the relation between the doses and
- the effects (Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995).
-
- The current atmosphere provides for doctors to
- suggest synthetic marijuana (THC) in a pure and
- standardized form by perscription (called Marinol)
- for the treatment of nausea associated with
- cancer chemotherapy. Also, although there is no
- scientific evidence that shows marijuana
- is beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma,
- it may prevent the progression of visual loss.
- Marijuana, along with alcohol and a host of
- other substances, can actually lower intraocular
- eye pressure. The mediction however, must be carefully
- tailored to the individual to prevent further eye damage.
-
- The evidence has clearly shown that marijuana
- has been around for a great deal of time
- and has served multiple purposes throughout history.
-
-
- Karen Sipes
- Dana Pentoney
- Jeni Roane
-
- Sources
-
- Grolier Electronic Encylopedia, Electronic Publishing, Inc., 1995
-
- Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, Drugs, Society & Behavior.
- Vol. 3, 1992.
-
- Ethan A. Nadelmann, American Heritage Magazine,
- Feb-Mar, 1993.
-
- Medical Marijuana, http://www.lec.org/Drug_Watch/
- Public/Documents/Med_Marijuana_Paper.htm, 1995.
-
-